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Foreshock and aftershocks in simple earthquake models.

J Kazemian1, K F Tiampo1, W Klein2

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This study introduces a new earthquake fault model with stronger asperity sites, demonstrating realistic temporal clustering and Gutenberg-Richter scaling. The model successfully mimics foreshock-main shock-aftershock sequences observed in natural fault systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Computational Seismology
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Earthquake fault models often link Gutenberg-Richter scaling to triggering processes.
  • Natural fault systems exhibit diverse behaviors due to heterogeneous geometries and physical properties.
  • Understanding the interplay between triggering and fault structure is crucial for explaining observed seismic phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how spatial heterogeneities, specifically stronger asperity cells, influence earthquake triggering and fault system behavior.
  • To develop a cellular automata model that incorporates these heterogeneities and reproduces natural seismicity patterns.
  • To explore the relationship between fault structure, triggering processes, and observed seismic phenomena like Gutenberg-Richter scaling and foreshock-aftershock sequences.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a cellular automata model based on Olami-Feder-Christensen and Rundle-Jackson-Brown models.
  • Incorporated long-range interactions and a fixed percentage of stronger asperity cells into the lattice.
  • Simulated stress accumulation and rupture dynamics within the heterogeneous fault model.

Main Results:

  • The introduction of asperity cells led to temporal clustering of earthquakes, mimicking natural fault systems.
  • The model reproduced Gutenberg-Richter scaling, a fundamental observation in seismology.
  • Observed sequences of foreshocks, a main shock, and aftershocks, consistent with natural earthquake patterns.
  • Demonstrated that spatial heterogeneity significantly influences seismic patterns, beyond simple cascade mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial heterogeneity, represented by stronger asperity cells, is a key factor in generating realistic earthquake temporal clustering and scaling laws.
  • The developed model provides further evidence that observed spatial and temporal patterns in seismicity are strongly influenced by the underlying physical properties of fault systems.
  • This research highlights the importance of incorporating structural complexities into earthquake models to accurately represent natural seismic behavior.