Review of Thoracic Imaging Findings Unique to Women

Traditionally, indications for imaging studies of women are considered to be related to screening for and evaluation of disease of the female breast and pelvis. However, a number of chest diseases and associated intrathoracic imaging findings are unique to women and should be recognized by general radiologists, as well as chest and women-imaging specialists.

The sex-specific findings unique to women include normal anatomical variants, primary lung disease, complications of breast and gynaecological disease, and pregnancy-related conditions. Classification, description, and illustration of gender-specific chest imaging findings are the objective of this article.