Endovascular treatment of large vessel arteritis

Large vessel vasculitis is very uncommon, particularly in Western countries, but can cause serious sequelae. Large vessel vasculitis is usually due to either Takayasu arteritis or giant cell arteritis. The available laboratory tests are nonspecific, so the diagnosis is often dependent on imaging findings. The location and pattern of vessel narrowing will usually define the type of vasculitis. Symptomatic vascular stenoses and occlusions can frequently be managed using balloon angioplasty. Familiarity with the indications for treatment and techniques and outcomes associated with angioplasty and surgical alternatives is essential when treating these rare disorders.