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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
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Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

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Resveratrol Targets in Inflammation.

Hiroyasu Inoue1, Rieko Nakata

  • 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya-Nishi-Machi, Nara 630- 8506, Japan. inoue@cc.nara-wu.ac.jp.

Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets
|March 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Resveratrol, found in grapes, acts as a plant defense compound and may reduce inflammation in humans by influencing pathways similar to aspirin. This review explores its role in cyclooxygenase (COX) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathways.

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Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
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Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

Published on: September 15, 2017

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical research
  • Plant science
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Resveratrol, a plant compound found in grapes, is linked to reduced risks of cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
  • It functions as a phytoalexin, cyclooxygenase (COX) suppressor, and activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and SIRT1.
  • Plant defense mechanisms, like phytoalexins and salicylic acid (SA), share similarities with human inflammatory pathways, such as COX inhibition by aspirin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on resveratrol, focusing on its anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
  • To explore the role of cyclooxygenase (COX) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in resveratrol's mode of action.
  • To investigate the molecular basis for potential beneficial interactions between plants and humans regarding inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on resveratrol.
  • Analysis of resveratrol's biochemical activities, including COX suppression and PPAR activation.
  • Comparative examination of plant defense pathways (e.g., jasmonic acid) and human inflammatory pathways (e.g., COX).

Main Results:

  • Resveratrol exhibits anti-inflammatory properties through mechanisms involving COX and PPAR pathways.
  • Plant defense compounds and human inflammatory pathways share molecular similarities, suggesting a conserved biological response.
  • Resveratrol's dual action as a phytoalexin and modulator of human inflammatory pathways highlights its biomedical potential.

Conclusions:

  • Resveratrol possesses significant anti-inflammatory potential, mediated by its interaction with COX and PPAR pathways.
  • The molecular parallels between plant and human defense systems offer insights into resveratrol's therapeutic applications.
  • Further research into resveratrol's mode of action can elucidate its role in preventing lifestyle-related diseases.