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Updated: Apr 16, 2026

The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb

The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb

Published on: September 23, 2018

Constraint-induced movement therapy after stroke.

Gert Kwakkel¹, Janne M Veerbeek², Erwin E H van Wegen²

¹Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Reade Centre for Rehabilitation and Rheumatology, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

The Lancet. Neurology

|March 17, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) improves upper limb function after stroke. Both original and modified CIMT are effective, unlike constraint alone, with benefits lasting long-term.

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Area of Science:

Neurorehabilitation
Stroke Recovery
Motor Function Restoration

Background:

Upper limb impairment is a common challenge post-stroke, significantly impacting daily activities.
Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is a widely researched intervention for stroke rehabilitation.
CIMT involves constraining the unaffected limb and intensive task-oriented training.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of original and modified CIMT for upper limb recovery after stroke.
To compare CIMT with forced use therapy (constraint alone).
To explore potential mechanisms underlying CIMT effectiveness.

Main Methods:

Review of studies investigating original and modified CIMT interventions.
Analysis of outcomes including motor function, arm-hand activities, and self-reported functioning.
Inclusion of kinematic studies to investigate underlying mechanisms.

Main Results:

Both original and modified CIMT demonstrate significant benefits for motor function and daily arm-hand use.
Benefits are observed immediately post-treatment and persist at long-term follow-up.
Constraint alone (forced use therapy) shows no evidence of efficacy.
CIMT type, timing, or intensity do not appear to influence patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

CIMT, in its original and modified forms, is an effective rehabilitation strategy for post-stroke upper limb deficits.
The effectiveness of CIMT is linked to learning-based adaptations, optimizing the use of remaining motor control.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms driving CIMT's success.