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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
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Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

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Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
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Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
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[Multi-organ failure after massive Levothyroxine ingestion: case report].

A Mudoni, F Caccetta, M Caroppo

    Giornale Italiano Di Nefrologia : Organo Ufficiale Della Societa Italiana Di Nefrologia
    |March 17, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Levothyroxine overdose in adults is rare but serious. Plasmapheresis showed good results in treating severe thyrotoxicosis from levothyroxine intoxication, despite complications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Nephrology
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Levothyroxine is the standard treatment for hypothyroidism.
    • Dosage, consumption, and treatment resistance remain debated.
    • Levothyroxine intoxication is rare in adults but can cause severe complications.

    Observation:

    • A 56-year-old woman intentionally ingested a massive levothyroxine overdose.
    • She presented with acute renal failure and severe cardiovascular and central nervous system disturbances.
    • The patient required intensive care support.

    Findings:

    • Despite no specific antidote, plasmapheresis was administered.
    • Plasmapheresis yielded positive results in managing the severe thyrotoxicosis.
    • Significant clinical complications were noted during treatment.

    Implications:

    • Plasmapheresis is an emerging treatment for severe levothyroxine intoxication.
    • Its clinical applications are expanding.
    • This case highlights plasmapheresis as a valuable tool for acute thyrotoxicosis management.