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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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[Diastolic heart failure and multimorbidity].

Rolf Wachter1

  • 1Klinik für Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen.

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|March 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Diastolic heart failure, a common cause of hospitalisation, involves increased left ventricular stiffness and filling pressures. Treating this condition is challenging due to numerous underlying pathophysiologic changes and prevalent comorbidities.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Context:

  • Heart failure is a leading cause of hospitalization in Germany.
  • Diastolic heart failure (HFpEF) accounts for approximately 50% of all heart failure cases.
  • Characterized by increased left ventricular stiffness and filling pressures, particularly during exercise.

Purpose:

  • To discuss the pathophysiology of diastolic heart failure.
  • To highlight the prevalence and impact of comorbidities in diastolic heart failure.
  • To review therapeutic options for managing comorbidities in diastolic heart failure.

Summary:

  • Diastolic heart failure, or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), results from increased left ventricular stiffness.
  • Numerous pathophysiologic changes contribute to HFpEF, complicating treatment strategies.

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  • Comorbidities are more frequent in HFpEF than in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and significantly affect outcomes.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding the complex pathophysiology and comorbidities of diastolic heart failure is crucial for effective patient management.
    • This review provides insights into the prevalence, relevance, and therapeutic approaches for comorbidities associated with diastolic heart failure.
    • Improved management of comorbidities may lead to better outcomes for patients with diastolic heart failure.