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Affect and understanding during everyday cross-race experiences.

Robyn K Mallett1, Sharon Akimoto2, Shigehiro Oishi3

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Everyday cross-race interactions yield less positive feelings and understanding compared to same-race contact. This suggests positive emotions are mainly for in-group members, not out-group animosity.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Intergroup Relations
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Everyday intergroup interactions possess both positive and negative dimensions.
  • Previous research has not clearly distinguished between the absence of positive affect and the presence of negative affect in cross-race contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether everyday cross-race interactions are characterized more by a lack of positive affect or an increase in negative affect compared to same-race interactions.
  • To independently assess positive affect, negative affect, felt understanding, and misunderstanding in intergroup contact.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an event sampling method across three studies with diverse racial groups (European, Asian, African Americans).
  • Collected data on affect (positive and negative) and cognitive aspects (understanding and misunderstanding) during everyday interactions.
  • Sample sizes included n = 107 (Study 1), n = 112 (Study 2), and n = 146 (Study 3).

Main Results:

  • Cross-race interactions consistently generated less positive affect and felt understanding than same-race interactions.
  • No significant difference was found in negative affect between cross-race and same-race interactions.
  • Findings indicate a deficit in positive emotions during cross-race contact, rather than an increase in negative emotions.

Conclusions:

  • Positive emotions in intergroup contact are primarily experienced within one's own racial group.
  • The reduced positive affect and understanding in cross-race interactions disproportionately affect racial minorities, potentially impacting their sense of belonging.
  • Results challenge the notion of out-group animosity, highlighting a lack of positive connection instead.