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Related Concept Videos

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
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G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
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Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

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The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Author Spotlight: Exploring Peripheral Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain in Trigeminal Nerve Injury
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Same same but different. Different trigeminal chemoreceptors share the same central pathway.

Kathrin Kollndorfer1, Ksenia Kowalczyk2, Johannes Frasnelli3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Plos One
|March 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Intranasal trigeminal sensations, crucial for airway protection, share common brain processing pathways. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed similar neural networks for CO2, menthol, and cinnamaldehyde stimuli.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Science
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Intranasal trigeminal sensations protect airways and involve transient receptor potential (TRP) channels.
  • The neural networks processing these diverse trigeminal inputs remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the central neural processing pathways for different types of intranasal trigeminal stimuli.
  • To identify common or distinct functional networks involved in processing CO2, menthol, and cinnamaldehyde sensations.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used in fourteen healthy subjects.
  • Subjects underwent fMRI scans while exposed to CO2, menthol, and cinnamaldehyde, which activate different chemoreceptors and evoke varied sensations.

Main Results:

  • All three stimuli activated similar functional networks, including olfactory, somatosensory, and integrative networks.
  • Despite differences in pain and odor perception (CO2 is painful and odorless; menthol/cinnamaldehyde are less painful with odor), the processing pathways were conserved.

Conclusions:

  • A common central processing pathway exists for trigeminal information in the nasal cavity.
  • This pathway appears independent of the specific trigeminal chemoreceptor activated or the type of sensation evoked.