Novel microbiome-based therapeutics for chronic rhinosinusitis

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Immunology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• The human microbiome, encompassing all microbes on and in the body, is diverse and present in all tissues.
• Airway microbiota interact with immune cells, and imbalances (dysbiosis) are linked to respiratory disorders like chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
• CRS is characterized by reduced sinus bacterial diversity and increased pathogens during inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss the potential of probiotic supplementation for treating chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
• To explore the ecological significance of microbiome-based probiotic interventions.
• To consider interactions with the gastrointestinal tract and administration methods for CRS treatment.

Main Methods:

• This study is a discussion and review of existing research on the human microbiome, CRS, and probiotics.
• It synthesizes findings on airway microbiome dysbiosis in CRS.
• It considers the ecological principles of probiotic use and host-microbe interactions.

Main Results:

• Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is associated with decreased bacterial diversity in the sinuses.
• Specific bacterial pathogens are enriched in the inflamed sinus environment.
• Probiotic supplementation presents a potential therapeutic avenue for CRS.

Conclusions:

• Restoring airway microbiome balance through probiotics may offer a novel treatment strategy for CRS.
• Understanding microbial ecology is crucial for developing effective microbiome-based therapies.
• Further research into probiotic administration and gastrointestinal interactions is warranted for CRS management.