Ras ssDNA aptamer inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration through MAPK and PI3K pathways

Proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) mediated by Ras proteins are crucial in restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). In this study, a novel, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamer designated as Ras-a1 with high affinity and specificity to human Ras protein was isolated using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. Ras-a1 was delivered into VSMCs by electroporation using one square waveform of 200 V for 20 msec. Proliferation of VSMCs was determined using a cell counting kit‑8 assay, which revealed the maximal inhibitory rate (40%) was obtained at 24 h after Ras-a1 transfection. The migration of VSMCs, determined using a Transwell assay, was significantly inhibited in Rasa1 cells in a time-dependent manner. To investigate the potential mechanisms of transfected Ras-a1 on the migration and proliferation of VSMCs, the phosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and Akt was determined using western blot analysis, which showed that a marked downregulation was observed in the phosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and Akt following the delivery of Ras-a1. This result demonstrated that Ras-a1 inhibits the proliferation and migration of VSMCs by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Ras and interrupting signal transduction in the Ras‑MEK1/2‑ERK1/2 and phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt pathways. The novel Ras protein-targeted ssDNA aptamer selected may be applicable for the prevention of restenosis after PCI and CABG.