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Related Concept Videos

Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

2.3K
Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

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When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...
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Viscosity01:27

Viscosity

157
Viscosity is a property of fluids that measures their resistance to flow. It is influenced by factors such as the surface area of contact, the gradient of flow speed, and the fluid's viscosity constant, called the coefficient of viscosity. The coefficient of viscosity, also known as dynamic viscosity, is denoted by the symbol η. It determines the proportionality between the viscous force and the gradient of flow speed.Newton's law of viscosity states that the viscous force on a...
157
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

367
IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

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Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
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Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
07:10

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy

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[Hyperviscosity syndrome].

G Dumas1, S Merceron1, L Zafrani1

  • 1Service de réanimation médicale, hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France.

La Revue De Medecine Interne
|March 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyperviscosity syndrome is a serious condition causing neurological and visual problems. Prompt diagnosis via viscosity measurement and funduscopic exam, followed by plasmapheresis, is crucial for managing this complication.

Keywords:
Gammapathie monoclonaleHyperviscosity syndromeParaproteinPlasmapheresisSyndrome d’hyperviscositéÉchange plasmatique

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Clinical Pathology

Context:

  • Hyperviscosity syndrome presents with severe clinical manifestations including neurological impairment, visual disturbances, and bleeding.
  • It is a critical complication requiring prompt diagnosis and management.
  • While various etiologies exist, it is frequently associated with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and multiple myeloma.

Purpose:

  • To outline the diagnostic methods for hyperviscosity syndrome.
  • To discuss the common causes and essential treatments for hyperviscosity syndrome.
  • To highlight the importance of funduscopic examination in diagnosing this condition.

Summary:

  • Diagnosis involves measuring plasma or serum viscosity using a viscometer and performing funduscopic examinations, as ocular abnormalities correlate well with plasma viscosity.
  • Treatment requires addressing the underlying disease and implementing symptomatic measures to reduce blood viscosity.
  • Urgent plasmapheresis is effective in reducing paraprotein concentration and alleviating symptoms.

Impact:

  • Early identification and intervention can prevent severe complications and improve patient outcomes.
  • Understanding the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies is vital for clinicians managing patients with hyperviscosity syndrome.
  • This condition underscores the importance of monitoring blood viscosity in patients with specific hematological malignancies.