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Visceral adiposopathy: a vascular perspective.

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    Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation
    |March 18, 2015
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    Summary

    Obesity and visceral fat contribute to heart disease through "adiposopathy," or fat tissue dysfunction. This dysfunction promotes inflammation and impairs blood vessel function, impacting overall cardiovascular health.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Science
    • Metabolic Disease Research
    • Adipose Tissue Biology

    Background:

    • Obesity is a global health crisis linked to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, metabolic dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease.
    • Central adiposity, particularly visceral fat, is strongly associated with cardiometabolic health issues.
    • Both the amount and quality (adiposopathy) of adipose tissue play roles in cardiometabolic disease.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review regional differences in adipose tissue characteristics.
    • To highlight abnormalities in vascular endothelial function and angiogenesis in visceral adipose tissue of obese individuals.
    • To discuss the role of dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity-related cardiovascular disease.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of epidemiological, clinical, and experimental data.

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  • Analysis of regional adipose tissue characteristics.
  • Examination of vascular endothelial function and angiogenesis in visceral fat.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant abnormalities in vascular endothelial function and angiogenesis are observed in visceral adipose tissue of obese individuals.
    • Dysfunctional adipose tissue shows increased pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic mediators.
    • These mediators may drive pathological vascular changes in local fat and systemic circulations.

    Conclusions:

    • Adiposopathy, characterized by adipose tissue dysfunction, significantly contributes to obesity-related cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
    • Inflammatory mediators from dysfunctional fat promote vascular pathology.
    • Targeting adipose tissue quality may offer new strategies for managing obesity-related cardiovascular complications.