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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry
14:29

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Published on: October 8, 2012

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RCAN 1 and 3 proteins regulate thymic positive selection.

Eva Serrano-Candelas1, Germán Alemán-Muench2, Sònia Solé-Sánchez1

  • 1Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Cell Signaling Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|March 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulators of Calcineurin (RCAN) proteins influence T cell development by modulating positive selection. RCAN1 and RCAN3 impact T cell maturation markers and ERK pathway activity without altering calcineurin activity.

Keywords:
CalcineurinNFATcRAF kinaseRCAN1RCAN3Thymocyte positive selection

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • T cell development requires cooperation between calcineurin (CN)-NFATc and RAF-MEK-ERK pathways.
  • Regulators of Calcineurin (RCAN) proteins are known to modulate CN-dependent signaling.
  • The specific role of RCAN proteins in T cell development is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of RCAN proteins in T cell development and positive selection.
  • To determine how RCAN proteins interact with key signaling pathways involved in T cell maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of RCAN gene expression in lymphoid tissues.
  • Overexpression studies of human RCAN3 and RCAN1 in thymocytes.
  • Assessment of T cell development markers and ERK pathway activation.
  • Co-immunoprecipitation assays to study protein interactions.

Main Results:

  • RCAN genes are expressed in lymphoid tissues.
  • Overexpression of RCAN1 and RCAN3 enhances positive selection markers and the "Erk(hi) competence state" in double positive thymocytes.
  • RCAN1 and RCAN3 interact with RAF kinases and CN without affecting CN activity.
  • RCAN1/3 interaction with RAF kinases and CN is non-exclusive.

Conclusions:

  • RCAN proteins play a role in modulating T cell positive selection.
  • The balance of RCAN interactions with CN and RAF kinases influences T cell development.
  • RCAN proteins can impact T cell maturation independently of direct calcineurin activity modulation.