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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction

Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat...

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Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

A robust and efficient cobalt molecular catalyst for CO2 reduction.

Sharon Lai-Fung Chan¹, Tsz Lung Lam, Chen Yang

¹Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong. sharonlf.chan@polyu.edu.hk.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)

|March 19, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel cobalt catalyst for efficient solar-driven carbon dioxide reduction. The earth-abundant catalyst shows high stability and catalytic activity, paving the way for sustainable energy solutions.

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

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Area of Science:

Sustainable energy
Catalysis
Photochemistry

Background:

Visible-light driven carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction is a promising sustainable energy pathway.
Limited availability of efficient and robust earth-abundant molecular catalysts hinders progress in solar-driven CO2 reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an earth-abundant molecular catalyst for efficient and robust solar-driven CO2 reduction.
To investigate the catalytic performance of a cobalt complex with a tetradentate tripodal ligand in CO2 reduction.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of a cobalt complex supported by a tetradentate tripodal ligand.
Photocatalytic experiments using visible light, a photosensitizer, and the cobalt complex for CO2 reduction.
Quantification of catalytic activity through turnover number (TON) and stability over time.

Main Results:

The cobalt complex demonstrated efficient catalytic solar-driven CO2 reduction.
Achieved a high turnover number (TON) for carbon monoxide (CO) production exceeding 900.
Maintained catalytic activity over an extended period of 70 hours, indicating robustness.

Conclusions:

The developed cobalt complex is a highly efficient and robust catalyst for solar-driven CO2 reduction.
This finding contributes to the development of sustainable energy technologies utilizing CO2 as a feedstock.
The catalyst's performance highlights the potential of earth-abundant materials in photocatalysis.