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Related Concept Videos

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

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Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
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Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

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The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics01:27

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When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

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Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
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Electrophoresis: Overview01:20

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Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric field. The core strength of electrophoresis lies in its ability to separate high-molecular-weight species in complex mixtures. It has found widespread use in biochemistry, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry, allowing the separation of compounds like amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and proteins with excellent resolution.
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

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Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
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Development of a 3D Graphene Electrode Dielectrophoretic Device
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Three dimensional passivated-electrode insulator-based dielectrophoresis.

Diana Nakidde1, Phillip Zellner1, Mohammad Mehdi Alemi

  • 1VT MEMS - Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060 , USA.

Biomicrofluidics
|March 19, 2015
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Summary

A novel 3D passivated-electrode, insulator-based dielectrophoresis (3D πDEP) microchip enhances biological species trapping efficiency. This technology achieves high trapping rates for Staphylococcus aureus even at low voltages and high flow rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics and Biosensing
  • Dielectrophoresis Technology
  • Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Background:

  • Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a powerful technique for manipulating biological cells using non-uniform electric fields.
  • Traditional electrode-based and insulator-based DEP methods have limitations in trapping efficiency and operational frequency range.
  • There is a need for microfluidic devices capable of efficient biological species capture at low applied electrical signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel 3D passivated-electrode, insulator-based dielectrophoresis (3D πDEP) microchip.
  • To enhance biological species trapping efficiency using 3D insulating structures and capacitive coupling.
  • To demonstrate wide frequency range operation and selective trapping capabilities at low applied signals.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of 3D structures in silicon using reactive ion etching.
  • Deposition of reusable electrodes on a glass substrate, capacitively coupled through a glass slide.
  • Utilizing high electric field gradients generated by 3D insulating structures to increase DEP force.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 100% trapping efficiency of Staphylococcus aureus at flow rates up to 350 μl/h and 70% at 750 μl/h.
  • Demonstrated 100% trapping of live bacteria over a wide frequency range (50-400 kHz) at 200 Vpp.
  • Showcased selective trapping of live bacteria (over 90%) from dead bacteria at specific frequencies (30-60 kHz) and 400 Vpp.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D πDEP microchip significantly improves trapping efficiency for biological species like bacteria.
  • The device operates effectively at low applied voltages (down to 50 Vpp) and high flow rates.
  • The 3D πDEP technology offers selective trapping capabilities and broad frequency range operation, suitable for various biosensing applications.