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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Feces Formation and Defecation01:26

Feces Formation and Defecation

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After spending 3 to 10 hours in the large intestine, chyme loses a lot of water and becomes feces, the final product of digestion. Feces consist of undigested dietary fiber such as cellulose, mucus, sloughed-off epithelial cells, and microbes. The descending and sigmoid colon stores feces and uses haustral contractions to dry it out but retains enough water to give it a semi-solid texture.
The mass peristalsis then pushes the feces into the rectum, which stretches the rectal walls to activate...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Spinal Hernia Repair and Cauda Equina Repositioning After Lumbar Decompression under Three-Dimensional Microscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review
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[Severe constipation caused by an abnormally angled coccyx].

Ane Simony1, Emil Jesper Hansen, Carsten Ernst

  • 1Rygkirurgisk Center, Rygkirurgisk Afdeling, -Middelfart Sygehus, Østre Hougvej 55, 5500 Middelfart. ane.simony1@rsyd.dk.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|March 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Severe constipation in a young woman was caused by a rectal-compressing coccyx. Surgical removal of the coccyx resolved the chronic constipation, offering a novel treatment for this rare condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Colorectal Surgery
  • Anorectal Disorders
  • Pelvic Anatomy

Background:

  • Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder with diverse etiologies.
  • Identifying rare causes of chronic constipation is crucial for effective management.
  • Pelvic trauma can lead to anatomical abnormalities affecting bowel function.

Observation:

  • A 26-year-old female presented with a six-year history of severe constipation.
  • Symptoms began after pelvic trauma, worsening during pregnancy and postpartum.
  • Imaging revealed a significantly anteriorly angulated coccyx (90 degrees) compressing the rectum.

Findings:

  • The primary finding was a malpositioned coccyx causing extrinsic rectal compression.
  • Surgical intervention involved the resection of the aberrant coccyx.
  • Complete resolution of constipation symptoms was observed post-operatively.

Implications:

  • Coccygeal malformation should be considered in refractory constipation cases.
  • Surgical correction of coccygeal abnormalities offers a potential treatment.
  • This case highlights the importance of detailed anatomical assessment in functional bowel disorders.