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Small intestinal fungal overgrowth
Askin Erdogan1, Satish S C Rao
1Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Current Gastroenterology Reports
|March 20, 2015
Summary
Small intestinal fungal overgrowth (SIFO) is increasingly linked to unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms in non-immunocompromised individuals. While antifungal therapy may alleviate symptoms, its effectiveness in eradicating SIFO requires further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Microbiology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Small intestinal fungal overgrowth (SIFO) involves excessive fungi in the small intestine, causing gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.
- While candidiasis is known to affect immunocompromised individuals, recent research suggests SIFO may also cause unexplained GI issues in non-immunocompromised subjects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the emerging evidence linking SIFO to unexplained GI symptoms in non-immunocompromised individuals.
- To discuss potential predisposing factors, common symptoms, and current treatment approaches for SIFO.
- To highlight the need for further research into the clinical relevance and treatment efficacy of SIFO.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies investigating SIFO prevalence and clinical presentation.
- Analysis of reported symptoms and potential underlying mechanisms associated with SIFO.
- Evaluation of current treatment recommendations and evidence for antifungal therapy effectiveness.
Main Results:
- Two studies found SIFO in 26% and 25.3% of patients with unexplained GI symptoms.
- Common symptoms include belching, bloating, indigestion, nausea, diarrhea, and gas.
- Small intestinal dysmotility and proton pump inhibitor use are implicated as potential predisposing factors.
Conclusions:
- SIFO is a potential cause of unexplained GI symptoms in non-immunocompromised individuals.
- Further research is necessary to confirm these findings and establish the clinical significance of SIFO.
- The efficacy of antifungal therapy for SIFO eradication remains uncertain, though symptom improvement may occur.
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