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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Structure of Cadherins01:25

Structure of Cadherins

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The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This...
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Membrane Domains01:18

Membrane Domains

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The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
Protein Domains
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

Cadherins in Tissue Organization

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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Ion Permeability in Native Tissue by Ussing Chamber Technique
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Claudin clusters as determinants of epithelial barrier function.

Alexander G Markov1, Jörg R Aschenbach, Salah Amasheh

  • 1Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.

IUBMB Life
|March 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Claudins, essential tight junction proteins, form organ-specific barriers. This review explores how claudin interactions and clusters within tight junctions dictate tissue barrier functions.

Keywords:
membrane proteinsprotein expressionprotein function

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Claudins are key tetraspan tight junction proteins crucial for epithelial barrier function across various organs.
  • The claudin family, with 27 members, exhibits diverse roles including selective ion/water transport and barrier sealing.
  • Multimeric assembly of tight junction proteins is fundamental for barrier formation, as suggested by particle sizes observed via electron microscopy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the current understanding of claudin co-localization within tight junction strands.
  • To analyze the dependence of tissue-specific claudin functions on their interaction partners.
  • To propose a model for claudin clusters as functional units within tight junction strands.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical analysis of existing research on claudin interactions and functions.
  • Examination of expression patterns and co-localization data of different claudin members in various tissues.
  • Analysis of freeze-fracture electron microscopy data regarding tight junction strand morphology.

Main Results:

  • Claudin co-localization within tight junctions suggests specific cluster formation with fixed stoichiometry.
  • Tissue-specific barrier properties are likely determined by the unique combinations of co-localized claudins.
  • Claudin interactions are integral to defining the precise barrier characteristics of different organs.

Conclusions:

  • Claudin clusters represent fundamental structural and functional units within tight junction strands.
  • Understanding claudin partnerships is key to elucidating tissue-specific barrier regulation.
  • This review provides a framework for future research into claudin-based barrier mechanisms.