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Interacting effects of selected trace and toxic metals on thyroid function.

Ram B Jain1,2, Y Sammy Choi1

  • 1a Department of Clinical Investigation , Womack Army Medical Center , Fort Bragg , NC , USA.

International Journal of Environmental Health Research
|March 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study found that blood levels of manganese and iron impact thyroid hormones like free triiodothyronine (FT3) and total thyroxine (TT4) in the US population. Copper and iron also influence free thyroxine (FT4) levels, particularly in males.

Keywords:
cadmiumcopperironleadmanganesemercuryseleniumthyroidzinc

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Endocrinology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones are crucial for metabolic regulation.
  • Environmental toxicants and essential minerals can interfere with thyroid function.
  • Understanding these interactions is vital for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interacting effects of blood levels of manganese, selenium, cadmium, lead, mercury, iron, zinc, and copper on thyroid function.
  • To analyze these associations within the general US population using national survey data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012.
  • Assessed thyroid function markers: thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free and total triiodothyronine (FT3, TT3), free and total thyroxine (FT4, TT4), and thyroglobulin (Tg).
  • Correlated blood/serum levels of selected metals and minerals with thyroid hormone levels.

Main Results:

  • Free thyroxine (FT4) levels showed positive associations with copper and negative associations with iron in males.
  • Elevated manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) levels were linked to increased free triiodothyronine (FT3) in both sexes.
  • Total thyroxine (TT4) levels exhibited positive associations with copper (Cu) and negative associations with iron (Fe) for both males and females.

Conclusions:

  • Blood levels of essential minerals like iron and copper, and toxic metals like manganese, significantly interact with thyroid hormone levels.
  • These findings highlight potential environmental influences on thyroid health in the general US population.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms and clinical implications of these observed associations.