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Partial migration: growth varies between resident and migratory fish.

Bronwyn M Gillanders1, Christopher Izzo2, Zoë A Doubleday2

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Many fish populations exhibit partial migration, with both resident and migratory individuals showing varied growth rates. This life-history divergence, influenced by environmental factors, presents challenges for species management in a changing climate.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Ichthyology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Partial migration, where only a portion of a population migrates, is observed across diverse taxa and ecosystems.
  • This strategy may offer survival advantages, but the underlying mechanisms and population-level implications require further investigation.
  • Understanding life-history variation is crucial for effective conservation and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate between resident and migratory fish within a large estuarine system using otolith chemistry.
  • To investigate potential differences in growth patterns between resident and migratory fish contingents.
  • To assess the influence of migration strategy on population dynamics and growth variation.

Main Methods:

  • Otolith chemistry (Barium to Calcium ratios) was employed to classify fish as resident or migratory.
  • Otolith growth increments were analyzed to model and compare growth rates between contingents.
  • Fulton's K condition index was used to assess the body condition of resident and migratory fish.

Main Results:

  • 63% of the studied fish population were identified as residents based on otolith chemistry.
  • Both resident and migratory contingents were found across various age/size classes and sexes, suggesting population-level bet-hedging.
  • Migration type was a significant predictor of growth variation, outweighing year- and age-related trends.
  • Migrant fish exhibited slightly better body condition compared to resident fish.
  • While average growth rates showed minor differences, significant year-to-year variation in growth was observed between contingents.

Conclusions:

  • Partial migration contributes to population resilience by maintaining diverse life-history strategies.
  • The complex interplay of growth dynamics between resident and migratory contingents highlights the challenges in managing partially migratory species.
  • Climate change may further complicate these dynamics, necessitating adaptive management approaches.