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Related Concept Videos

Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

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Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
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Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

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Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
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Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

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The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
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Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

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Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
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Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
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Actin Filament Depolymerization01:19

Actin Filament Depolymerization

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Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Meiotic Spindle Assessment in Mouse Oocytes by siRNA-mediated Silencing
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Meiotic Spindle Assessment in Mouse Oocytes by siRNA-mediated Silencing

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Actin depolymerization is associated with meiotic acceleration in cycloheximide-treated ovine oocytes.

Sergio D German1, Joon-Hee Lee2, Keith H Campbell1

  • 1Division of Animal Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom.

Biology of Reproduction
|March 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Protein synthesis inhibition with cycloheximide (CHX) causes oocytes to arrest. Releasing oocytes from CHX arrest accelerates meiotic maturation by increasing cyclin B1 and pMAPK via actin filament release.

Keywords:
GVBDIVMRNA granulesactin depolymerizationcyclin B1cycloheximidecytoskeletonmeiotic arrestmeiotic maturationoocyte maturationpolyadenylationprotein kinases

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Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Oocytes treated with cycloheximide (CHX) arrest at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage.
  • CHX-arrested oocytes exhibit accelerated meiotic maturation upon CHX removal, but the mechanism is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying accelerated meiotic maturation in oocytes released from CHX arrest.
  • To investigate the roles of cyclin B1 (CCNB1), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and actin dynamics in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Oocytes were treated with CHX to induce arrest.
  • Levels of CCNB1 and phosphorylated MAPK (pMAPK) were measured after CHX release.
  • The effect of Jasplakinolide (Jasp), an actin stabilizer, on GV breakdown (GVBD) and maturation-promoting factor (MPF) activity was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Oocytes released from CHX arrest showed elevated CCNB1 and pMAPK levels, independent of mRNA polyadenylation or transcription.
  • Stabilizing actin filaments with Jasp delayed GVBD and reduced MPF activity after CHX release.
  • These findings suggest that CCNB1 mRNA is sequestered by actin filaments during CHX arrest.

Conclusions:

  • Release of CCNB1 mRNA from actin filaments during CHX arrest increases available transcripts for translation upon CHX removal.
  • This leads to precocious activation of MPF and accelerated meiotic progression.
  • Actin dynamics play a crucial role in regulating meiotic maturation following protein synthesis inhibition.