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On disciplinary fragmentation and scientific progress.

Stefano Balietti1, Michael Mäs1, Dirk Helbing1

  • 1Professorship of Computational Social Science, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.

Plos One
|March 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientific fragmentation into schools of thought hinders progress. Social interactions and peer disagreement drive scientific advancement, while echo chambers limit it. Strong signals from the correct answer reduce fragmentation and boost progress.

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Area of Science:

  • Social sciences and natural sciences
  • Scientific progress and disciplinary fragmentation

Background:

  • Some scientific disciplines exhibit higher fragmentation into schools of thought than others.
  • High fragmentation often correlates with limited scientific progress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze a formal model of scientific exploration.
  • To investigate the influence of signals, peer influence, and noise on disciplinary fragmentation.
  • To determine the causal relationship between fragmentation and scientific progress.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a formal model where scientists seek the correct answer.
  • Simulated scientists influenced by signals, peer influence, and noise.
  • Conducted experiments to test the impact of forces on fragmentation and progress.

Main Results:

  • Disciplinary fragmentation critically limits scientific progress.
  • Social interactions and peer disagreement are key drivers of scientific progress.
  • Reduced within-school diversity and selective peer influence increase fragmentation and limit progress.
  • Strong signals from the correct answer lead to less fragmentation and faster progress.

Conclusions:

  • Fragmentation causally limits scientific progress; the reverse is not true.
  • Fostering interdisciplinary interaction and diverse peer engagement is crucial for scientific advancement.
  • Institutional designs should encourage open discourse and minimize echo chambers to enhance scientific progress.