Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 16, 2026
Author Spotlight: Neuromotor Control and Recovery of Diaphragm Function Following Cervical Spinal Hemisection in Rats
Published on: June 14, 2024
Evaluation of optimal electrode configurations for epidural spinal cord stimulation in cervical spinal cord injured
Monzurul Alam1, Guillermo Garcia-Alias2, Prithvi K Shah3
1Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
Background:
Epidural spinal cord stimulation is a promising technique for modulating the level of excitability and reactivation of dormant spinal neuronal circuits after spinal cord injury (SCI). We examined the ability of chronically implanted epidural stimulation electrodes within the cervical spinal cord to (1) directly elicit spinal motor evoked potentials (sMEPs) in forelimb muscles and (2) determine whether these sMEPs can serve as a biomarker of forelimb motor function after SCI.
New Method:
We implanted EMG electrodes in forelimb muscles and epidural stimulation electrodes at C6 and C8 in adult rats. After recovering from a dorsal funiculi crush (C4), rats were tested with different stimulation configurations and current intensities to elicit sMEPs and determined forelimb grip strength.
Results:
sMEPs were evoked in all muscles tested and their characteristics were dependent on electrode configurations and current intensities. C6(-) stimulation elicited more robust sMEPs than stimulation at C8(-). Stimulating C6 and C8 simultaneously produced better muscle recruitment and higher grip strengths than stimulation at one site.
Comparison With Existing Method(S):
Classical method to select the most optimal stimulation configuration is to empirically test each combination individually for every subject and relate to functional improvements. This approach is impractical, requiring extensively long experimental time to determine the more effective stimulation parameters. Our proposed method is fast and physiologically sound.
Conclusions:
Results suggest that sMEPs from forelimb muscles can be useful biomarkers for identifying optimal parameters for epidural stimulation of the cervical spinal cord after SCI.
