Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 16, 2026

An Open-Source Normothermic Perfusion System Designed for Research Scientists
Published on: July 18, 2025
Citrate versus acetate-based dialysate in on-line haemodiafiltration. A prospective cross-over study
Background And Aims:
A bicarbonate dialysate acidified with citrate (CD) has been reported to have local anticoagulant effect and improves biocompatibility. This study examines the effect of CD on dialysis efficiency, coagulation, acid-base status, electrolytes, and inflammation in patients in on-line hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF).
Methods:
35 patients in OL-HDF were enrolled in a prospective, cross-over study for a 24-week period and two phases alternating CD and acetate dialysate fluid (AD). Parameters on study were predialysis levels of bicarbonate and ionic calcium, reactive C Protein (CRP), and beta-2 microglobulin (B2MG) and postdialysis levels of activated tromboplastine time, bicarbonate, and ionized calcium.
Results:
No significant differences in coagulation parameters, pH, and predialysis bicarbonate were found. The postdialysis bicarbonate and postdialysis calcium were lower with CD. Dialysis efficiency was greater with CD. Regarding inflammatory parameters, both CRP and B2MG were lower using CD.
Conclusion:
The use of CD is safe and effective in OL-HDF, and it improves dialysis efficacy, postdialysis alkalosis, and inflammation.
Related Concept Videos
Dialysis
Dialysis
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
Hemodialysis I: Introduction
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Hemoperfusion and Hemofiltration

