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Related Concept Videos

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Esophagus01:24

Esophagus

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The esophagus, a muscular conduit linking the pharynx and stomach, measures roughly 10 inches (25.4 cm) and sits behind the trachea. It remains collapsed when not swallowing. The esophagus follows a predominantly straight path through the thoracic mediastinum and enters the abdominal cavity through a diaphragmatic opening known as the esophageal hiatus.
The movement of edibles from the pharynx into the esophagus is facilitated by the upper esophageal sphincter, which is formed primarily by the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

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Eosinophilic esophagitis in children.

Prerna Trivedy1, Jonathan E Teitelbaum

  • 1The Unterberg Children's Hospital at Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ, USA.

Paediatric Drugs
|March 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune disease of the esophagus. Topical steroid therapy, particularly high-dose fluticasone propionate, effectively reduces esophageal eosinophilia and improves symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Allergy

Background:

  • Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a prevalent chronic immune-mediated esophageal disorder.
  • Characterized by esophageal dysfunction and marked eosinophilia, often refractory to proton pump inhibitors.
  • Current management relies on dietary changes and pharmacologic interventions, primarily topical steroids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize current medical treatment options for EoE.
  • To emphasize the efficacy and safety of steroid-based therapies.
  • To discuss emerging therapeutic strategies, including monoclonal antibodies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of landmark clinical studies on EoE treatment.
  • Analysis of symptomatic and histologic endpoints.

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  • Evaluation of safety data for various therapeutic agents.

    • Main Results:

    • Topical steroid therapy is strongly supported for reducing eosinophilic mucosal disease.
    • High-dose fluticasone propionate demonstrates significant efficacy in resolving mucosal eosinophilia.
    • Long-term data are needed to assess the impact on the disease's natural history.

    Conclusions:

    • Topical steroids are a cornerstone treatment for EoE, with fluticasone propionate showing high effectiveness.
    • Further research is required to understand the long-term benefits and potential impact on disease progression.
    • Novel therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, represent promising future treatment avenues.