Antimicrobial activity of oleanolic and ursolic acids: an update

Area of Science:

• Phytochemistry
• Pharmacology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Triterpenoids, a vast group of over 20,000 plant-derived molecules, are biosynthesized from squalene.
• Historically underestimated due to low hydrophilicity, triterpenes are now recognized for diverse pharmacological activities.
• Pentacyclic triterpenes, including oleanolic and ursolic acids, possess notable biological properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the potential of pentacyclic triterpenes against human pathogens.
• To elucidate the mechanisms of action of these triterpenes.
• To discuss future perspectives for their application in human and animal health.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on in vivo studies.
• Analysis of reported biological activities (antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoal).
• Examination of documented mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

• Oleanolic and ursolic acids demonstrate significant antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal activities.
• Evidence supports the therapeutic potential of these triterpenes against various human pathogens.
• Mechanisms of action are being elucidated through ongoing research.

Conclusions:

• Pentacyclic triterpenes represent a promising class of natural compounds for combating infectious diseases.
• Further research into their mechanisms and in vivo efficacy can pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.
• These compounds hold potential for enhancing human and animal health outcomes.