Towards optimal seeding for the synthesis of ordered nanoparticle arrays on alumina/Ni₃Al(111)

The adsorption and the nucleation of different transition metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Pd, Ag, and Au) on alumina/Ni3Al(111) have been studied to shed light on the first stages of the synthesis of supported nanoparticles, focusing in particular on the possibility of producing ordered arrays. Affinity for oxygen, atomic radii, electronic properties and kinetics have been taken into account to rationalize the different behavior. In agreement with empirical findings, Pd is confirmed to be the best choice for a highly ordered nucleation following the "dot" superstructure of the alumina, due to a remarkable preference for the corresponding adsorption sites (holes) with respect to others, and for a rather strong binding. Atom by atom nucleation of this material has been studied, for seeds up to 6 atoms that offer a stiff anchoring of nanoparticles to the support.