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Japanese sentence processing reveals costs for noncanonical word orders and provisional antecedent assignment for empty subjects, highlighting preverbal analysis in head-final languages.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding sentence processing in head-final languages like Japanese is crucial for linguistic theory.
  • Previous research has explored syntactic and semantic integration but requires further investigation into preverbal processing stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate online structural and semantic processing in Japanese, focusing on preverbal stages.
  • To examine the processing costs associated with noncanonical word orders in Japanese.
  • To determine how antecedents are assigned to empty subjects in Japanese control sentences.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the maze task to measure processing costs in real-time.
  • Experiment 1: Analyzed simple scrambled sentences to assess noncanonical word order effects.
  • Experiment 2: Examined control sentences to investigate antecedent assignment for empty subjects.

Main Results:

  • Processing noncanonical Japanese word orders incurs online costs during incremental sentence interpretation.
  • Antecedents for empty subjects in Japanese control sentences are provisionally assigned before verb information is available.
  • This antecedent assignment process is influenced by an object control bias.

Conclusions:

  • Preverbal analysis plays a significant role in processing displaced constituents in head-final languages.
  • Preverbal processing is essential for determining referential properties of empty elements in Japanese.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the universality and language-specificity of sentence comprehension mechanisms.