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Primary mandibular xanthoma: case report.

Melissa Rodrigues de Araujo¹, Rafaela Scariot¹, Lucas Uetanabaro²

¹Professor of the Graduate Program in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, Paraná, Brazil.

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

|March 22, 2015

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A rare mandibular xanthoma, a bone tumor, was found in a teenager. This case highlights xanthoma as a distinct entity, even without systemic metabolic disease.

Area of Science:

Oral pathology
Oncology
Dermatopathology

Background:

Xanthomas are rare bone tumors, particularly in the mandible.
They can be associated with metabolic disorders like hyperlipidemia.
This case presents a mandibular xanthoma in an adolescent patient.

Observation:

A 14-year-old girl presented with a 1 cm unilocular radiolucent lesion on panoramic radiography.
The lesion was situated between the roots of the left first and second premolar teeth.
Histopathology revealed foam cells within a fibrous stroma.

Findings:

Immunohistochemistry showed xanthomatous cells positive for CD68 and vimentin.
Cells were focally positive for S100, CD1a, and CD3.
Staining was negative for AE1/AE3, CD20, CD117, and HMB45, ruling out other neoplasms.

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Systemic metabolic disease was excluded by hematologic and biochemical tests.

Implications:

This case expands the differential diagnosis for mandibular radiolucent lesions.
It underscores the importance of immunohistochemistry in diagnosing rare xanthomas.
Mandibular xanthomas can occur in adolescents without underlying metabolic syndrome.