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Diving medicine in clinical practice.

Lars Eichhorn¹, Dieter Leyk

¹Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Bonn, Central Institute of the German Armed Forces' Medical Service, Department IV-Military Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology-Koblenz, Research Group Epidemiology of Performance, Institute for Physiology and Anatomy, German Sport University Cologne.

Deutsches Arzteblatt International

|March 24, 2015

Summary

Recreational diving poses health risks due to pressure and medical factors. Proper medical evaluations for diving fitness can significantly reduce the likelihood of diving accidents.

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Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response

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Published on: November 12, 2014

Area of Science:

Physiology
Sports Medicine
Environmental Health

Background:

Diving is a popular recreational activity with inherent health risks for individuals with pre-existing medical conditions.
High ambient pressure during diving can cause various systemic physiological effects, endangering diver health.

Purpose of the Study:

To review medical risk factors and health consequences associated with recreational diving.
To emphasize the importance of medical evaluations for determining diving fitness and preventing accidents.

Main Methods:

A selective literature search of PubMed was conducted.
Publications reviewed included those on free diving, scuba diving, medical evaluation for diving, barotrauma, decompression sickness, and medical risk factors in divers.

Main Results:

Diving, even at shallow depths, stresses the cardiovascular system, ears, and lungs.
Medical conditions and diminished functional reserve increase diving accident risk; incidents occur in 1.3% of dives, with decompression accidents in 2/10,000.
Medical examinations and counseling can decrease the likelihood of life-threatening diving accidents.

Conclusions:

Physicians need thorough knowledge of diving physiology, risks, and evaluation methods to certify fitness and advise divers.
Adherence to specialty association standards for medical evaluations is recommended for physicians assessing diving fitness.
Further research, including randomized controlled trials and a central diving accident registry, is needed.