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Neurocognitive development of memory for landmarks.

Janneke van Ekert1, Joost Wegman1, Gabriele Janzen1

  • 1Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen, Netherlands.

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Children and adolescents show improved memory for landmarks when the spatial context is relevant for navigation. Brain activity in specific regions, like the hippocampus, develops with age, aiding navigation skills.

Keywords:
anterior cingulate cortexcognitive developmentlandmarksmedial temporal lobenavigationspatial memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Effective navigation relies on recognizing landmarks and their spatial context.
  • Contextual memory shows significant age-related improvements.
  • Understanding how spatial context influences landmark memory in developing individuals is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of spatial context relevance on landmark recognition memory in children and adolescents.
  • To explore age-related differences in the neural mechanisms underlying contextual memory for navigation.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (ages 8-18) viewed a virtual route video with manipulated landmark locations.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used during a landmark recognition memory test.
  • Analysis focused on brain activity in medial temporal lobe regions and frontal cortex.

Main Results:

  • Both old and new landmarks activated a network including the hippocampus and inferior/middle frontal gyrus across all ages.
  • Developmental differences emerged in the parahippocampal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex.
  • Memory representations strengthened linearly with age specifically when spatial context was navigationally relevant.

Conclusions:

  • Medial temporal lobe regions demonstrate increasing specialization during development.
  • These age-related neural changes likely underpin the development of sophisticated navigation strategies.
  • Spatial context relevance is a key factor in the development of landmark memory and navigation skills.