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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions
Published on: July 3, 2025
Effects of oxidation on the defect of reduced graphene oxides in graphene preparation
Yang Hu1, Shaoxian Song2, Alejandro Lopez-Valdivieso3
1School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Instituto de Metalurgia, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Av. Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosi C.P. 78210, Mexico.
Abstract:
The relationship between the defects of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and the oxidation degree of graphite in the preparation of graphene with chemical conversion method has been studied in this work. This study was performed on an artificial graphite through the measurements of X ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and particle size analysis. The experimental results have shown that there indeed was a close relationship between the defects and the oxidation degree, which appeared in the form of S-type curve. Also, it was found that a low KMnO4 addition would lead to a partial oxidation of graphite, leaving defects mainly on the edges of RGO; with a high KMnO4 addition, the defects on RGO mostly appeared on the surfaces.
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