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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
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Hierarchically functionalized magnetic core/multishell particles and their postsynthetic conversion to polymer

Sophia Schmitt, Martin Silvestre, Manuel Tsotsalas

  • 1∥Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.

ACS Nano
|March 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed magnetic core/multishell particles using layer-by-layer synthesis. These functional metal-organic framework (MOF) multishells act as controlled release capsules for various applications.

Keywords:
click-chemistrydrug releaselayer-by-layer synthesismetal−organic framework (MOF)polymer capsules

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Hierarchically functionalized core/multishell particles are crucial for advanced applications in medicine, catalysis, and separation.
  • Controlled synthesis of such complex structures remains a significant challenge in materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for synthesizing hierarchically structured metal-organic framework (MOF) multishells around magnetic core particles (magMOFs).
  • To engineer these magMOFs into functional controlled release capsules with tunable release properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized layer-by-layer (LbL) synthesis for controlled deposition of MOF shells around magnetic cores.
  • Designed multishell systems where individual shells can be functionalized independently.
  • Employed postsynthetic conversion of MOF structures to polymer networks to create a membrane for controlled release.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized hierarchically structured magMOFs with distinct, functionalized shells.
  • Demonstrated the creation of controlled release capsules using the magMOF multishells.
  • Showcased tunable release of loaded dye molecules influenced by the surrounding media, validating the membrane function.

Conclusions:

  • The LbL synthesis approach provides a versatile platform for creating complex, functional core/multishell particles.
  • The developed magMOF-based capsules offer a promising system for controlled release applications with tunable properties.
  • This strategy opens avenues for designing advanced materials for targeted delivery and responsive systems.