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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Author Spotlight: Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

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Mycobacteria and autoimmunity.

F Machado Ribeiro1, T Goldenberg2

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil franmr@terra.com.br.

Lupus
|March 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mycobacterial infections can trigger autoimmune responses and autoantibodies. Reactivation of tuberculosis is a concern with immunosuppressive therapies and biologic DMARDs.

Keywords:
Tuberculosisautoantibodiesimmunosuppressive therapiesmolecular mimicrymycobacterianontuberculous mycobacteria

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Mycobacterial infections present diverse clinical manifestations.
  • Rising global incidence of mycobacterial infections is linked to immunological complications.
  • Autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies are increasingly observed alongside mycobacterial infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate relationship between the immune system and mycobacteria.
  • To discuss the immunological manifestations associated with mycobacterial infections.
  • To review the impact of immunosuppressive therapies on mycobacterial disease reactivation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mycobacterial infections and immunological responses.
  • Analysis of autoimmune manifestations in the context of mycobacterial diseases.
  • Examination of tuberculosis reactivation risks with immunosuppression and biologic DMARDs.

Main Results:

  • Mycobacteria can induce significant immunological dysregulation.
  • A rise in autoantibodies and autoimmune conditions is associated with mycobacterial infections.
  • Immunosuppressive treatments, including biologic DMARDs, increase the risk of tuberculosis reactivation.

Conclusions:

  • Mycobacterial infections pose a complex challenge due to their immunological effects.
  • Understanding the immune-host-pathogen interaction is crucial for managing these infections.
  • Careful monitoring is needed for patients on immunosuppressive therapy due to reactivation risks.