Extrahepatic manifestations in chronic hepatitis C virus carriers

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E Rosenthal1, P Cacoub2

  • 1Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de l'Archet, CHU de Nice, Nice; Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France COREVIH PACA EST, CHU de Nice, France rosenthal.e@chu-nice.fr.

Lupus
|March 25, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often causes systemic illness with extrahepatic manifestations. New treatments offer hope for managing these conditions, even with mild liver disease.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is frequently associated with systemic extrahepatic manifestations affecting multiple organ systems.
  • HCV is a lymphotropic virus that can trigger B cell proliferation, leading to conditions like mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) and MC vasculitis.
  • Low-grade chronic systemic inflammation from HCV may contribute to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of extrahepatic manifestations in chronic HCV infection.
  • To discuss the role of HCV in autoimmune phenomena and rheumatic diseases.
  • To review emerging treatment options for HCV-related extrahepatic manifestations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on HCV extrahepatic manifestations.
  • Analysis of the pathophysiology linking HCV infection to systemic disease.
  • Evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies, including direct-acting antiviral agents (DDAs) and monoclonal antibodies.

Main Results:

  • Extrahepatic manifestations are common and can significantly impact patient health, sometimes overshadowing liver disease.
  • Mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis is a prominent HCV-related extrahepatic manifestation.
  • Direct-acting antiviral agents and B-cell-targeting therapies show promise for treating these conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition and integrated management of HCV extrahepatic manifestations are crucial.
  • Advances in antiviral and immunomodulatory therapies are expanding treatment options.
  • A proactive therapeutic approach can optimize outcomes for patients with HCV, irrespective of liver disease severity.

Keywords:
Hepatitis C viruscryoglobulinemiaextrahepatic manifestationsvasculitis

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