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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
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[Novel methods for dementia diagnostics].

J Wiltfang1

  • 1Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (UMG), Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland, jens.wiltfang@med.uni-goettingen.de.

Der Nervenarzt
|March 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novel diagnostic methods like cerebrospinal fluid analysis and amyloid PET scans aid in early Alzheimer's dementia (AD) diagnosis. While not recommended for prevention, these tools are vital for validating new AD therapies in clinical trials.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • International guidelines recommend novel diagnostics for early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's dementia (AD).
  • Cerebrospinal fluid-based neurochemical dementia diagnostics (CSF-NDD) are validated, and [18F] amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) is expected to be included in updated guidelines.
  • Predictive diagnosis of preclinical AD is possible in high-risk individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using CSF-NDD and/or amyloid PET.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of novel diagnostic methods in Alzheimer's dementia (AD).
  • To discuss the implications of predictive diagnostics in therapy research and clinical trials.
  • To address the current status and future potential of blood-based dementia diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of international and German neuropsychiatric guidelines.
  • Analysis of the utility of CSF-NDD and [18F] amyloid PET in preclinical and prodromal AD.
  • Discussion of the relevance of molecular diagnostics in AD therapy research.

Main Results:

  • CSF-NDD and [18F] amyloid PET are valuable for early and differential AD diagnosis, including preclinical stages.
  • Predictive molecular diagnostics are not recommended for preventive therapy due to lack of available treatments.
  • Novel diagnostics are crucial for validating preventive treatment strategies in clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced diagnostics like CSF-NDD and amyloid PET are essential for accurate Alzheimer's dementia diagnosis and staging.
  • These methods are indispensable tools in therapeutic research for validating novel preventive strategies.
  • Future blood-based diagnostics show promise but require further validation.