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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
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The complement system and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Jean F Regal1, Jeffrey S Gilbert1, Richard M Burwick2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, 1035 University Drive, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.

Molecular Immunology
|March 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dysregulated complement system activation contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes like fetal growth restriction and preterm birth. Understanding this role is key to developing new therapies for better maternal and infant health.

Keywords:
Complement systemFetal growth restrictionMiscarriagePlacentaPreeclampsiaPregnancyPreterm birth

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Perinatal Health

Background:

  • Adverse pregnancy outcomes pose significant risks to maternal and infant health.
  • The complement system, a part of the immune system, is crucial for successful pregnancy.
  • Proper regulation of complement is essential for fetal allograft survival and placental development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of complement system dysregulation in adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  • To explore the link between complement activation, biomarkers, and pregnancy complications.
  • To analyze the pathophysiology of complement involvement in pregnancy complications using animal models.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical studies analyzing complement biomarkers in plasma and urine.
  • Mechanistic studies in rat and mouse models of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  • Review of existing literature on complement system function in normal and complicated pregnancies.

Main Results:

  • Excessive or misdirected complement activation is associated with pregnancy complications like fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and hypertensive disorders.
  • Complement system disorders or mutations increase the frequency of these adverse outcomes.
  • Biomarkers indicate complement dysregulation in various adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The complement system plays a critical role in both normal and complicated pregnancies.
  • Targeted complement therapeutics are emerging for managing specific adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  • Further understanding of complement's role will guide future therapeutic strategies to improve maternal and child health outcomes.