Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Calculation of Electric Flux

Calculation of Electric Flux

Consider the electric field of an oppositely charged, parallel-plate system and an imaginary box between those plates. Let the bottom face of the box be ABCD, and the top face be FGHK. The electric field between the plates is uniform and points from the positive plate toward the negative plate. The calculation of this field's flux through the box's various faces shows that the net flux through the box is zero. Why does the flux cancel out here?

Estimation of the Physical Quantities

Estimation of the Physical Quantities

On many occasions, physicists, other scientists, and engineers need to make estimates of a particular quantity. These are sometimes referred to as guesstimates, order-of-magnitude approximations, back-of-the-envelope calculations, or Fermi calculations. The physicist Enrico Fermi was famous for his ability to estimate various kinds of data with surprising precision. Estimating does not mean guessing a number or a formula at random. Instead, estimation means using prior experience and sound...

Light Acquisition

Light Acquisition

In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.

Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves

Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves

The energy transport per unit area per unit time, or the Poynting vector, gives the energy flux of an electromagnetic wave at any specific time. For a plane electromagnetic wave with E0 and B0 as the peak electric and magnetic fields and traveling along the x-axis, the time-varying energy flux can be given by the following equation:

Electric Flux

Electric Flux

The concept of flux describes how much of something goes through a given area. More formally, it is the dot product of a vector field within an area. For a better understanding, consider an open rectangular surface with a small area that is placed in a uniform electric field. The larger the area, the more field lines go through it and, hence, the greater the flux; similarly, the stronger the electric field (represented by a greater density of lines), the greater the flux. On the other hand, if...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A reversible broad-spectrum antiviral targets the human V-ATPase V<sub>O</sub> domain.

Research square·2026

Same author

Global impact through train-the-trainer (TtT) courses.

Journal of microscopy·2026

Same author

People-centred funding as a catalyst for sustainable imaging infrastructure.

Journal of microscopy·2026

Same author

Making the invisible visible: A global examination of careers and recognition for Imaging Scientists in core facilities.

Journal of microscopy·2026

Same author

A guide to selecting high-performing antibodies for Optineurin (UniProt ID: Q96CV9) for use in western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence.

F1000Research·2026

Same author

Hearing Loss and Aggressive Behavior: Results From a Large, Retrospective Study of Older Adults Receiving Home Care Services in 2 US States.

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass ADG Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass ADG Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

Published on: October 27, 2017

A Quantitative Measure of Field Illumination.

Claire M Brown¹, Andrew Reilly¹, Richard W Cole¹

¹1 McGill University, Advanced BioImaging Facility (ABIF), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 2 Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA; and 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, New York, USA.

Journal of Biomolecular Techniques : JBT

|March 25, 2015

Summary

A new algorithm quantifies illumination uniformity in optical microscopy using a quality factor (QF) score. This objective metric ensures consistent imaging quality and aids in microscope maintenance.

Keywords:

alignment flat field imaging quality assessment supervised learning

More Related Videos

Measuring the Behavioral Effects of Intraocular Scatter

Measuring the Behavioral Effects of Intraocular Scatter

Published on: February 18, 2021

High-Throughput, In-Field Screening of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Crop Plants Using an Autonomous Robot

High-Throughput, In-Field Screening of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Crop Plants Using an Autonomous Robot

Published on: January 9, 2026

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass ADG Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass ADG Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

Published on: October 27, 2017

Measuring the Behavioral Effects of Intraocular Scatter

Measuring the Behavioral Effects of Intraocular Scatter

Published on: February 18, 2021

High-Throughput, In-Field Screening of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Crop Plants Using an Autonomous Robot

High-Throughput, In-Field Screening of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Crop Plants Using an Autonomous Robot

Published on: January 9, 2026

Area of Science:

Optical Microscopy
Image Quality Assessment
Quantitative Imaging

Background:

Homogeneous field illumination is critical for quantitative light microscopy.
Current methods for assessing illumination uniformity lack standardization and automation.
Objective, quantitative measures are needed for reliable microscope performance evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a statistically based algorithm for quantifying illumination uniformity in optical microscopy.
To introduce a single quality factor (QF) score for objective assessment.
To establish a traceable reference for monitoring and comparing microscope field uniformity.

Main Methods:

A regression approach to supervised learning was employed.
Intensity profiles were analyzed along image diagonals and a horizontal center line.
Data from 89 laser-scanning confocal microscopes (LSCMs) and 33 additional microscopes (LSCM and wide-field) were used for training and validation.

Main Results:

An algorithm was developed to generate a field illumination quality factor (QF) score ranging from 0 to 100.
A QF score of 83 was empirically determined as the minimum acceptable value.
The QF score provides an objective and easily interpretable measure of illumination uniformity.

Conclusions:

The developed QF score offers an invaluable metric for objectively assessing illumination uniformity in optical microscopy.
This metric facilitates traceable monitoring of field uniformity over time and direct comparison between microscopes.
The QF can serve as an indicator for system failure, prompting necessary alignment or service.