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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking
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Web party effect: a cocktail party effect in the web environment.

Sara Rigutti1, Carlo Fantoni1,2, Walter Gerbino1

  • 1Department of Life Sciences, Psychology Unit "Gaetano Kanizsa," University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

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|March 25, 2015
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Summary

Users focus on relevant links during web navigation, not all options. This selective attention optimizes cognitive resources, similar to a cocktail party effect in the digital environment.

Keywords:
AttentionCognitive loadComplexityExperienced durationInformation seekingMediationSearch timeUsabilityWeb layoutWeb navigation

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Information Science

Background:

  • Goal-directed web navigation involves managing complex layouts and requires selective attention.
  • The competition for link selection during navigation may depend on the relevance of options rather than their sheer quantity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether link competition in web navigation depends on all available options or only on relevant ones.
  • To develop and validate a novel measure of website complexity that predicts information seeking time and cognitive load.

Main Methods:

  • Participants navigated real websites to find information goals.
  • A new measure of home page complexity was developed, focusing on relevant navigation elements.
  • Standard complexity metrics and cognitive demand (duration judgment ratio) were assessed.

Main Results:

  • The novel complexity measure fully mediated the impact of standard metrics on navigation time and usability.
  • The complexity measure predicted cognitive demand during information seeking.
  • Results support the hypothesis that users focus on relevant links, not all options.

Conclusions:

  • Selective attention to relevant links optimizes attentional resources in web navigation.
  • The findings suggest a 'web party effect,' where users tune into goal-relevant elements and ignore others.
  • Website complexity, when measured by relevant navigation elements, is a key factor in usability and cognitive load.