Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

3.4K
The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
3.4K
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

32.5K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
32.5K
Biodeterioration01:28

Biodeterioration

74
Biodeterioration refers to the unwanted alteration of materials caused by microorganisms—especially fungi—which damage both organic substrates (paper, wood, textiles) and inorganic ones (stone, plaster, glass). Unlike abiotic decay, biodeterioration results from biological activity that produces physical disruption and chemical degradation.Physical deterioration occurs as fungal hyphae penetrate pores, cracks, and surface irregularities. Hyphal turgor pressure, thigmotropic growth...
74
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

18.6K
Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
18.6K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

8.3K
Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
8.3K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

13.7K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
13.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Post-resuscitation pre-hospital emergency anaesthesia for exchange of a supraglottic airway device with an endotracheal tube - a multicentre observational study.

BMC emergency medicine·2026
Same author

Topical Janus Kinase Inhibitors for Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety.

Pediatric dermatology·2026
Same author

Evaluating the use of a novel expert system for interpretation of media authentication results.

Journal of forensic sciences·2026
Same author

Lessons learned from the twinning TwinSubDyn collaboration.

Open research Europe·2026
Same author

Guiding Fast Ion Beam by Suppressing Secondary Ions.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

I Didn't Allow Myself to Think About His Death.

Nursing in critical care·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites
09:39

Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites

Published on: November 28, 2014

36.0K

Acceleration of Biochar Surface Oxidation during Composting?

Katja Wiedner1, Daniel Fischer1, Sabine Walther

  • 1†Soil Biogeochemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|March 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Composting accelerates biochar surface oxidation, increasing its reactivity. However, composted biochar remains less oxidized than ancient biochars, indicating further aging is needed for maximum benefit.

Keywords:
Terra Pretabiocharcompostingfourier transformation infrared microscopyscanning electron microscopysurface functional groupssurface oxidation

More Related Videos

Assessment of Waste-Derived Biochars on the Health and Biological Activity of Soil
10:31

Assessment of Waste-Derived Biochars on the Health and Biological Activity of Soil

Published on: October 10, 2025

842
Author Spotlight: On-Site Biochar Production for Woody Debris Incineration in Forestry
07:27

Author Spotlight: On-Site Biochar Production for Woody Debris Incineration in Forestry

Published on: January 5, 2024

4.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites
09:39

Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites

Published on: November 28, 2014

36.0K
Assessment of Waste-Derived Biochars on the Health and Biological Activity of Soil
10:31

Assessment of Waste-Derived Biochars on the Health and Biological Activity of Soil

Published on: October 10, 2025

842
Author Spotlight: On-Site Biochar Production for Woody Debris Incineration in Forestry
07:27

Author Spotlight: On-Site Biochar Production for Woody Debris Incineration in Forestry

Published on: January 5, 2024

4.3K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced from pyrolysis, with potential applications in soil amendment and carbon sequestration.
  • The surface properties of biochar, such as oxidation level and functional groups, significantly influence its reactivity and effectiveness.
  • Accelerating biochar oxidation is desirable for enhancing its interaction with soil components and improving its stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if composting can effectively accelerate the surface oxidation of biochar.
  • To compare the surface properties of fresh, composted, and ancient biochars.
  • To assess the potential of composting as a method for enhancing biochar reactivity.

Main Methods:

  • Biochar composting experiments were conducted.
  • Surface properties of Terra Preta and ancient charcoal pit biochars were analyzed.
  • Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to determine O/C ratios.
  • Fourier transformation infrared microscopy (FTIR) was employed to detect surface functional groups.

Main Results:

  • O/C ratios increased from fresh biochar (0.13) to composted biochar (0.40) and ancient biochars (0.54–0.64).
  • Composting led to the formation of carboxylic and phenolic groups on biochar surfaces.
  • While some composted biochars showed increased carboxylic acids (up to 14%), one exhibited a decrease (21%).
  • Phenolic groups increased by 23% in one composted biochar but decreased in others (up to 22%).

Conclusions:

  • Composting can accelerate biochar surface oxidation, thereby increasing its reactivity.
  • The oxidation achieved through composting is significant but still considerably lower than that of ancient biochars.
  • Further research may be needed to optimize composting conditions for maximizing biochar oxidation and reactivity.