Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

6.7K
Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
6.7K
Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

6.2K
The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
6.2K
Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

6.1K
Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...
6.1K
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

2.4K
The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
2.4K
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

3.2K
Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
3.2K
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

2.0K
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Retinal peripapillary nerve fiber and retinal ganglion cell layer thickening preceed atrophy in children and teenagers with optic disc drusen.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

[ChatGPT and the German board examination for ophthalmology: an evaluation].

Die Ophthalmologie·2024
Same author

[Acute keratoconjunctivitis in a breeder of highly poisonous exotic corals].

Die Ophthalmologie·2022
Same author

Evaluation of patient satisfaction with an ophthalmology video consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2020
Same author

[Impact of a more stringent organization of intravitreal injection treatment on the number of treatments and examinations in routine practice].

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·2020
Same author

[Intensive care back up for infectious disease disasters].

Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration
05:04

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration

Published on: May 5, 2020

8.3K

[Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDD)].

M M Nentwich1, M F Nentwich2, J Maertz1

  • 1Augenklinik, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.

Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde
|March 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Genetic testing has redefined hereditary eye diseases, reclassifying congenital fibrosis syndromes as congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs) due to nerve innervation issues, not muscle fibrosis.

More Related Videos

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

106.7K
A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy
10:02

A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy

Published on: November 3, 2016

26.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration
05:04

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration

Published on: May 5, 2020

8.3K
Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

106.7K
A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy
10:02

A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy

Published on: November 3, 2016

26.1K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Hereditary eye diseases have seen significant advancements due to genetic testing.
  • Previous classifications, like congenital fibrosis syndromes, are being updated.
  • Ocular motility disorders are now understood as congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the updated classification of ocular motility disorders.
  • To explain the underlying causes of CCDDs, focusing on neural innervation.
  • To discuss specific conditions and related cellular mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current genetic testing data.
  • Analysis of neurodevelopmental pathways.
  • Discussion of intracellular transport and kinesin functions.

Main Results:

  • CCDDs result from impaired cranial nerve innervation and dysgenesis, not primary muscle fibrosis.
  • Genetic testing has led to a revised understanding and classification of these disorders.
  • Specific syndromes like CFEOM, Duane syndrome, and Moebius syndrome are characterized by these neural defects.

Conclusions:

  • The understanding of hereditary restrictive oculomotor disorders has shifted from muscle fibrosis to neural dysgenesis.
  • Genetic insights are crucial for accurate diagnosis and classification of CCDDs.
  • Further research into intracellular transport mechanisms may illuminate disease pathogenesis.