AMBRA1 and BECLIN 1 interplay in the crosstalk between autophagy and cell proliferation

Valentina Cianfanelli1, Melania D'Orazio, Francesco Cecconi

  • 1a Unit of Cell Stress and Survival ; Danish Cancer Society Research Center ; Copenhagen , Denmark.

Insights

Autophagy proteins AMBRA1 and BECLIN 1 regulate the oncoprotein c-Myc stability. This interaction impacts cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, revealing new pathways in cancer research.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Autophagy-promoting proteins often inhibit cell proliferation.
  • AMBRA1 regulates the oncoprotein c-Myc stability via interaction with PP2A.
  • AMBRA1/PP2A activity is controlled by mTOR, a key regulator of cell growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between AMBRA1 and BECLIN 1 in regulating c-Myc.
  • To elucidate the distinct pathways through which AMBRA1 and BECLIN 1 influence c-Myc.
  • To determine if AMBRA1, BECLIN 1, and PP2A form a complex.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated protein interactions and regulatory pathways.
  • Analyzed the impact of AMBRA1 and BECLIN 1 on c-Myc stability and function.
  • Examined the formation of macromolecular complexes involving AMBRA1, BECLIN 1, and PP2A.

Main Results:

  • Both AMBRA1 and BECLIN 1 influence c-Myc regulation through separate pathways.
  • AMBRA1 and BECLIN 1, along with PP2A, form a macromolecular complex.
  • This complex formation suggests a coordinated role in c-Myc regulation.

Conclusions:

  • AMBRA1 and BECLIN 1 play distinct roles in c-Myc regulation.
  • These proteins co-exist within a macromolecular complex with PP2A.
  • Further studies are needed to understand the functional significance of this complex in autophagy and tumorigenesis.

Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
6.2K
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
5.1K
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
5.1K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
8.0K
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
10.6K
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
9.3K