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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Neonatal Cardiac Scaffolds: Novel Matrices for Regenerative Studies
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Stem Cell Therapy in Neonatal Diseases.

Ciprian P Gheorghe1, Vineet Bhandari

  • 1Division of Perinatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Child Health Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 464 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
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Mesenchymal stem cell therapy shows promise for treating serious neonatal intensive care unit complications like bronchopulmonary dysplasia and necrotizing enterocolitis. Research is focusing on human clinical trials to improve outcomes for premature and term neonates.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Pediatric Intensive Care

Background:

  • Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) manage infants with diverse complications affecting multiple organ systems.
  • Some neonatal conditions, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, have severe long-term consequences.
  • Current medical advancements have improved understanding but lack effective preventative or ameliorative therapies for these severe neonatal disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of stem cell therapy, particularly mesenchymal stem cells, in managing critical neonatal diseases.
  • To focus on the application and findings from human clinical trials involving stem cell treatments for neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on stem cell therapy in neonatal critical care.
  • Focus on human clinical trials investigating mesenchymal stem cells for neonatal conditions.
  • Analysis of pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of stem cells in neonatal diseases.

Main Results:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells present a promising therapeutic avenue for neonatal complications.
  • Human clinical trials are exploring the efficacy of stem cell therapy in conditions like bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
  • Further research and clinical trials are needed to establish definitive treatment protocols.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell therapy, especially using mesenchymal stem cells, offers a potential breakthrough for improving outcomes in severe neonatal diseases.
  • Clinical trials are crucial for validating the safety and efficacy of these novel regenerative approaches in vulnerable neonatal populations.
  • Continued investigation into stem cell applications may significantly reduce mortality and morbidity associated with common NICU complications.