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The soil microbiome influences grapevine-associated microbiota.

Iratxe Zarraonaindia, Sarah M Owens, Pamela Weisenhorn1

  • 1Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

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Soil is the primary source of bacteria found on grapevines, influencing their growth and wine characteristics. Grapevine cultivar, soil conditions, and vineyard location shape these microbial communities.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial Ecology
  • Plant-Microbe Interactions
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Grapevine-associated bacteria can impact crop yield, disease resistance, and wine quality.
  • Understanding the grapevine microbiome is crucial for optimizing viticulture and enology practices.
  • The influence of environmental and host factors on grapevine-associated bacteria remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of bacterial communities across grapevine organs and soils.
  • To determine the influence of vine cultivar, soil properties, developmental stage, and vineyard on these communities.
  • To identify the primary sources of grapevine-associated bacteria and factors shaping their composition.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of bacterial communities in grapevine leaves, flowers, grapes, and roots, along with associated soils.
  • Sampling conducted over two growing seasons across different vineyards and vine developmental stages.
  • Analysis of microbial community structure and correlation with edaphic parameters (e.g., pH, C:N ratio, soil carbon).

Main Results:

  • Belowground bacterial communities significantly differed from aboveground communities.
  • Leaf, flower, and grape bacterial communities shared more taxa with soil than with each other, indicating soil as a reservoir.
  • Soil pH, C:N ratio, and soil carbon influenced microbial communities, with significant interannual variation observed.

Conclusions:

  • Grapevine selects for specific soil microorganisms, including plant growth-promoting bacteria.
  • Soil is a major reservoir for grapevine-associated bacteria, with their distribution influenced by localized factors and management.
  • Understanding these microbial dynamics offers insights for managing grapevine health and wine quality.