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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Related Experiment Video

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Orthotopic Transplantation of Syngeneic Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells to Study PD-L1 Expression
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Immunotherapy in lung cancer.

Liza C Villaruz1, Aparna Kalyan1, Hassane Zarour1

  • 1University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine/Hematology-Oncology, Lung and Thoracic Malignancies Program, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.

Translational Lung Cancer Research
|March 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines, shows promise for lung cancer treatment. This review summarizes current evidence on the efficacy and safety of these innovative lung cancer immunotherapies.

Keywords:
Immunotherapyimmune checkpoint therapylung cancervaccine therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Therapy

Background:

  • Immunotherapy represents a significant advancement in lung cancer treatment.
  • Key approaches include immune checkpoint inhibition and vaccine therapy.
  • Tumors often evade immune detection through mechanisms like immune tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and safety of immunotherapies in lung cancer.
  • To summarize evidence for immune checkpoint inhibitors and cancer vaccines.
  • To highlight advancements in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on lung cancer immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., CTLA-4, PD-1 blockade).
  • Evaluation of studies on various lung cancer vaccines (antigen-specific and whole tumor).

Main Results:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ipilimumab, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade) show early activity in NSCLC and SCLC.
  • Vaccine therapies targeting antigens like MAGE-A3, MUC-1, and EGFR are under investigation.
  • Whole tumor vaccines aim to stimulate a de novo immune response against cancer cells.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy, encompassing both immune checkpoint blockade and vaccines, offers a promising frontier in lung cancer treatment.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the efficacy and safety profiles of these diverse immunotherapeutic strategies.
  • These approaches hold potential for improving outcomes in patients with non-small cell and small cell lung cancer.