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RNA chaperones, like DEAD box RNA helicases (DBRHs) and cold shock protein CspA, can buffer deleterious mutations and enhance organismal fitness. This suggests a fundamental role for RNA chaperones in evolution and evolvability.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Proteins and RNAs can misfold, leading to non-functional conformations.
  • Protein chaperones are known to assist in proper protein folding and buffer mutations.
  • The role of RNA chaperones in mutation buffering and organismal fitness is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of RNA chaperones to act as mutation buffers.
  • To determine if RNA chaperones can enhance the fitness of organisms with deleterious mutations.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which RNA chaperones might buffer mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Competition assays were used to assess organismal fitness.
  • Overexpression of specific RNA chaperones (CsdA, SrmB, RhlB, CspA) in Escherichia coli.
  • Introduction of strain-specific deleterious mutations into an ancestral genotype.
  • Assays to determine the requirement of helicase activity for mutation buffering by DBRHs.

Main Results:

  • Overexpression of select RNA chaperones (three DEAD box RNA helicases and CspA) improved the fitness of Escherichia coli mutator strains.
  • Deleterious mutations, specific to each strain, were identified and shown to be buffered by RNA chaperones.
  • Buffering of mutations by DEAD box RNA helicases (DBRHs) was dependent on their helicase activity, indicating a role for RNA structural remodeling.

Conclusions:

  • RNA chaperones can function as mutation buffers, enhancing organismal fitness.
  • RNA chaperones, particularly DBRHs, play a significant role in mitigating the effects of deleterious mutations.
  • These findings suggest RNA chaperones are crucial for RNA evolution and evolvability.