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Preterm infant nutrition, gut bacteria, and necrotizing enterocolitis
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
|March 26, 2015
Summary
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a deadly infant disease. New research links the infant microbiome, nutrition, and host response to NEC, offering hope for better prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal research
- Microbiome science
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of mortality in premature infants.
- Understanding NEC's pathophysiology has remained challenging for decades.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the relationship between the developing intestinal microbiome, nutrition, and host response in NEC.
- To highlight recent advances in understanding NEC development and prevention.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on infant microbiome development.
- Analysis of the role of nutrition (e.g., human milk, donor milk) in NEC pathogenesis.
- Examination of factors like antibiotics and acid-blocking agents influencing NEC risk.
Main Results:
- Emerging evidence connects prenatal and postnatal microbiome development to NEC.
- Human milk oligosaccharides and specific microbes are implicated in NEC pathogenesis.
- Antibiotics and acid-blocking agents may increase NEC risk.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the developing microbiome is crucial for NEC prevention.
- Nutritional strategies, including tailored milk feeding, can mitigate NEC risk.
- Adjusting drug utilization in neonates may help prevent NEC.
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