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Nocturnal GERD - a risk factor for rhinitis/rhinosinusitis: the RHINE study
L Schiöler1, M Ruth2, R Jõgi3
1Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Allergy
|March 27, 2015
Summary
Nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a significant risk factor for developing noninfectious rhinitis (NIR). This 10-year study found a clear link, suggesting GERD should be considered in rhinitis patients.
Area of Science:
- Otorhinolaryngology
- Gastroenterology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) suspected as a risk factor for rhinitis/rhinosinusitis, but data are limited.
- Prospective 10-year follow-up study of a large Northern European cohort.
- Investigates the relationship between nocturnal GERD and noninfectious rhinitis (NIR).
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the association between nocturnal GERD and the development of noninfectious rhinitis.
- To determine if GERD is a risk factor for rhinitis/rhinosinusitis.
- To provide evidence for considering GERD in rhinitis management.
Main Methods:
- Prospective cohort study with 5417 participants, followed for 10 years (1999-2012).
- Questionnaires used to assess symptoms of nocturnal GERD and noninfectious rhinitis (nasal obstruction, secretion, sneezing without cold).
- Odds ratios calculated for NIR development, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, smoking, and asthma.
Main Results:
- 19.1% of subjects developed NIR over 10 years.
- Nocturnal GERD in 1999 was associated with a 1.6 times higher risk of developing NIR in 2010 (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.5).
- A dose-response relationship observed between reflux frequency and NIR risk; smoking also linked to NIR and nocturnal GERD.
Conclusions:
- Nocturnal GERD is a significant risk factor for developing noninfectious rhinitis/rhinosinusitis.
- GERD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of rhinitis, regardless of known or unknown origin.
- Findings support the inclusion of GERD assessment in rhinitis patient evaluations.
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