Childbirth expense support and small-for-gestational-age infants in Japan
Sayaka Tsuchiya1, Kazutomo Ohashi1
1Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Health Sciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Insights
Women receiving childbirth expense support (CES) had higher rates of small for gestational age (SGA) infants. CES was independently associated with SGA, highlighting a need for further research into specific risk factors.
Area of Science:
- Perinatal health
- Neonatal anthropometry
- Socioeconomic factors in pregnancy
Background:
- Poor fetal nutrition can lead to adverse perinatal and lifelong health outcomes for neonates.
- Investigating the characteristics of pregnant women receiving childbirth expense support (CES) is crucial for understanding pregnancy outcomes and neonatal health.
- This study focuses on a population in one of Japan's poorest regions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the background of pregnant women receiving CES.
- To analyze pregnancy outcomes in relation to CES.
- To assess neonatal anthropometric data, particularly for infants small for gestational age (SGA).
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cohort study design was employed.
- Utilized 823 antenatal and delivery records from a Japanese perinatal center.
- Compared neonates small for gestational age (SGA) between CES and non-CES groups.
Main Results:
- Incidences of low birthweight (LBW) and SGA were significantly higher in the CES group (14.6% for both).
- CES was independently associated with SGA (adjusted OR: 2.78).
- Maternal smoking was also a significant risk factor for SGA (adjusted OR: 5.03).
Conclusions:
- CES recipients exhibited a higher prevalence of SGA infants.
- CES demonstrated an independent association with SGA, independent of other factors.
- Identified maternal smoking as a major risk factor for SGA, consistent with prior research.
- Further research is warranted to identify SGA risk factors specifically within the CES recipient population.
Background:
Poor nutritional status during the fetal period could cause perinatal and lifelong health disadvantages in neonates. The aim of this study was to investigate the background of pregnant women receiving childbirth expense support (CES), pregnancy outcome, and neonatal anthropometric data.
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using 823 antenatal and delivery records in a perinatal center located in one of the poorest areas in Japan. Neonates who were small for gestational age (SGA) were compared between the CES and the non-CES groups.
Results:
The incidences of low birthweight (LBW) and SGA were significantly higher in the group receiving CES (14.6% and 14.6%, respectively). The adjusted OR of CES was 2.78 (95%CI: 1.32-5.87) and the adjusted OR of maternal smoking was 5.03 (95%CI: 2.74-9.21), indicating that CES and maternal smoking were directly associated with SGA.
Conclusions:
CES recipients had a higher prevalence of SGA infants. CES was independently associated with SGA. Previous studies have shown that smoking is a major risk factor for SGA. Further studies are needed to identify risk factors of SGA specific to CES recipients.
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